The Dimensions of Morality in The Prince and The Republic...

Morality is likely the most debated topic of all time, especially in regards to our moral responsibility for each other. Throughout history many writers and philosophers have taken different angles the concept of morality and have applied it in many ways. This includes: Niccolà ² Machiavelli with The Prince (we will be looking at The Qualities of the Prince) and Plato with The Republic (we will be looking at the section The Allegory of the Cave. The Prince (1513) essentially lays out a how-to guide of how to obtain power and how to keep it; The Qualities of the Prince contains a list of qualities that one should appear to have while in power; this work will be used to represent the case against moral responsibility for others. The Republic†¦show more content†¦However after awhile their eyes adjust and are able to see not only the shadows, but reflections and eventually people themselves, as Plato wrote â€Å"when he remembered his old habitation and the wisdom of the den and his fellow prisoners, do you not suppose that he would felicitate himself on the change, and pity them?† (Plato 870). After being outside for awhile they are eventually thrown back into the blinding darkness of the cave. The whole point of the allegory is to represent to journey to enlightenment. The prisoners represent either the unenlightened that have not had enough experience to gain great wisdom or the uneducated that have not learned enough to gain great intelligence. And being thrown out of the cave into the outside world represents the process of becoming enlightened. Once enlightened they would of course not want to leave and to make them go back into the Cave would be cruel, as is noted by Glaucon. But as is explained they must be made to descend again among the prisoners in the den, and partake of their labors and honors, whether they are worth having or not† (873). Plato claims that these enlightened have a moral responsibility to bring their wisdom to th e common people in order to help them learn more so everyone can benefit from the knowledge of an individual. This is certainly an agreeable prospect and one that is not seen enough in the real world. OnceShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesapplicable to practice. We continue to take a balanced approach in the eighth edition of International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior. Whereas other texts stress culture, strategy, or behavior, we feel that our emphasis on all three critical dimensions and the resulting synergy has been a primary reason why the previous editions have been the market-leading international management text. Specifically, v vi Preface this edition has the following chapter distribution: environment (three

The Public School System Of Education - 980 Words

The public school system of education in the United States of America needs to change for many different reason, we not only need for our schools to change we need it to be done as soon as possible. We live in a society where our children are failing to meet the academic standards or enhanced their social skills to be prepared for the outside world. My second reason for our schools to change is that they are overcrowded for insists one teacher in one classroom can teach up to 15 to 20 kids. My last reason is the budget for our schools, we are losing funding for many different things raging from materials to creative classes. Besides parents themselves teachers are extremely important because they are the key to our children’s education future. Madeline Levine said (â€Å"One thing we know for sure is that kids learn better when teachers are invested and paying attention and showing they care.†) Which is very true, you see without teachers our kids would be sitting ducks however, it is also up to us the parents to teach our kids as John Hood said in his article (â€Å"Providing students opportunities at school does not guarantee success if student watch television rather than do their homework and parents let them.†) We as the parents and teachers need some type of communication and understanding because our children are failing, some are struggle to meet the academic standards. The school board created this program called no child left behind and you would think that is a good thingShow MoreRelatedThe Public School Education System Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagespoverty. With cathol ic and private schools being expensive, people have to rely on the education system to provide their children with a good education. In this paper I will be discussing the public school education system ranging solely up to high school in Brooklyn New York and giving a general idea of the New York education system as well. Education is the foundation to secure an individual in having a better future and a successful career in life. Public education primarily falls upon the stateRead MoreThe Education System Of The Public School System1838 Words   |  8 PagesTeachers are an absolute necessity in today’s education system. For approximately fifteen years, children are under the heavy influence of their teachers. The example set by those in authority will have an impact on students regardless of what they may claim. While many Christian children are blessed with the opportunity to attend a Christian school, the public school system is full of hopeless, unloved, and unsaved children waiting to hear the truth. Christians have an obligation to reach out toRead MoreThe Education System Of Polk County Public Schools1370 Words   |  6 Pagescommittee due to my many years of service in the education system. I bring 15 years of experience as an educator, coach, mentor and supervisor. This experience in the k-12 setting has allowed me to work with hundreds of teachers and administrators. During my tenor with the school district I have been asked to sit on dozens of committees, from curriculum, book adoption, finance, to diversity just to name a few. I hold two masters degrees in education; which has afforded me the knowledge and wherewithalRead MoreThe Public School Education System Is Failing Our Youth1773 Words   |  8 PagesHailey Hunter Professor Graue English Composition I 19th November 2015 The Public School Education System is failing our Youth While in high school, many students complained about standardized testing and how ridiculous it was our education standards were on the line for it. How we never learned anything long enough to remember it. Students are supposed to enjoy learning. Instead students dread their mornings and hours spent in a classroom. Pass the OGT or the new PARCC testing in order to graduateRead MoreThe Corporate Side Of American Public Education And The Reformists Misled Beliefs That The School System1389 Words   |  6 PagesDiane Ravitch explores the corporate side of American public education and the reformists’ misled beliefs that the school system is in crisis. The school reforms in place are disguised as a means of improving public education, when in reality it has become an objective to â€Å"replace public education with a privately managed, free-market system of schooling† (Ravitch, p.4). Diane Ravitch supports her claim that the reformation movement has poor intentions wi th multiple sources of evidence. AmongRead MoreIs Kontosis A Retired Physical Education Teacher Who Was Employed With The Prince Georges County Public School System1314 Words   |  6 PagesKontosis is a retired physical education teacher who was employed with the Prince George’s County Public School System. During her employment, Hartford underwrote three group disability insurance policies for Kontosis: Policy No. GLT-675844 (the â€Å"group policy†), Policy No. AGP-5630 (the â€Å"association policy†), and Policy No. AGP-5295 (the â€Å"second association policy†). Although all three policies were underwritten by Hartford, Hartford operated each policy independently of the other in accordanceRead MoreThe And The Contemporary Manifestations Of Alternates From Traditional School Structures1419 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of and the contemporary manifestations of alternates to traditional school structures in the United States. I will look at severa l of these alternatives and how the public reaction to them has changed throughout American history. The reason I am writing about this topic, and the reason this is an important realm of education to observe and explore, is because of the push for an individualized approach to students’ education and the success that stems from that. With the rise of treatments and specialRead MoreCritical Analysis of Problems and Issues in Education Essay examples1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe School Voucher program was designed to give families a choice about where their children could go to school. The program offered a fixed dollar amount each year to put toward a child’s tuition. Their choices ranged from private or parochial schools, these are schools that many of these children may not experience otherwise. Charter schools were also options because they are run much like private schools. The thought behind voucher programs is that a sense of competition would be created. Th eRead MoreThe Future Of The American Public School System1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica s Schools are to meet the needs of the twenty first century, they must be reinvented. It is not enough to try to fix the schools; they must be reconstructed in both fundamental and radical ways. The school system must be restructured. The future of the American public school system is significant because the maintenance of an informed and productive citizenry is vital to the future of this country. Historically Americans have strongly asserted the importance of public schools in a democracyRead MoreSchool Choice In Public Schools1339 Words   |  6 Pages BACKGROUND In schools the state rates as Underperforming or Lowest Five Percent, more than 60 percent of students were reported as falling below minimum learning standards in reading, math, science, and writing. Some of these schools showed extraordinary levels of failure in educating students. In 2010, the state found the number of â€Å"F† schools, ranked Struggling to be 168 schools. In 2016, the state Index found the number of â€Å"F† schools, ranked Underperforming or Lowest Five Percent increased by

Homelessness Essay Cause And Effect Example For Students

Homelessness Essay Cause And Effect All over America, there are people wandering the streets without a home. These individuals are seen as a crowd, a separate collective existence. They are called the homeless, as if that defines who they are, but we too often neglect to add the unspoken word in that title: people. It seems today that the more fortunate citizens of America who have a roof over their heads have forgotten their innate responsibility to watch over those in this world whom are incapable of caring for themselves. Tragically, thirty to fifty percent of the homeless have severe mental illnesses (Torrey 1). These individuals live life in such a way that few people in this world could possibly even begin to compare their hardships. The fact that they survive completely independently, most without the medication they need, is bewildering. The problems resulting from the lack of attention given to the homeless who are mentally ill can be solved through the establishment of better health clinics, and stricter laws involving patient care. If more clinics were to be established specializing in the mental health of the homeless, then the attention could be given to them that they need. E. Fuller Torrey, author of The Homeless Mentally Ill Should Be Forced To Receive Treatment describes the habits and reasons for the incredible amount of mentally ill homeless:They sleep, importune strangers, gesture to imaginary accomplices, shout angrily at the wind, forage through cans, and sit quietly with glazed eyes. They are daily reminders of the massive failure of one of the Great Societys premier programs: the deinstitutionalization of mental patients out of state asylums and into local Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) (Torrey, 2). Currently, mental hospitals are too eager to place their homeless patients in community health centers. These health centers are more interested in mid-life crisis patients than in the seemingly incurable schizophrenics. These mental patients find it very easy to wander their way back on to the streets. Wade Black, of Defining the Homeless and the Mentally Ill, says :If more of us understood how they struggle to overcome their illness, we would seek better ways to assist them rather than to force them out of our communitiesif we can establish humane housing that includes the support services necessary to make the transition back to ordinary living, the homeless population would drop dramatically (Black 1). Clinics need to be established specializing in only the homeless with a staff that is more considerate to the fact that the patients of this nature share a lack of judgement and tend to assume that they are okay, when they are not. When these patients reach the streets, they are without their medications. An individual with an untreated mental disability can be a threat to others as well as themselves. Each year, mentally ill people who are not receiving treatment manage to kill about one thousand people in the United States. These statistics are a result of the emptying of our public psychiatric hospitals (Torrey 1).

The Ethics Of Cloning Essays - Cloning, Human Cloning,

The Ethics Of Cloning ?To Clone, Or Not To Clone Did you ever imagine having a child that is the exact replica of you? Did you ever imagine of having the cure for heart disease or cancer? Well, these fantasies are not far from reach. The way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning. Cloning is topic with which there is heated debate, and one that I feel that can be used for the better of all man kind. In this essay I will outline some of the key arguments and counter arguments surrounding this topic, as well as the advantages and the disadvantages. A very momentous argument opposing cloning is we are taking nature into our own hands by cloning animals or people. People question when we will draw the line for getting involved in natural events. Religious organizations consider nuclear transfer to cause men to be reproductively obsolete. This claim was deduced by gathering of the information that cloning requires only oocytes, any cell, and a woman to develop in. They also claim that cloning does not respect the fact that humans have souls. They also consider cloning unnatural, and say we are taking the work of God into our own hands. There is also a debate as to the moral rights of clones. Some say their rights will be defied because clones are not granted the birth of newness. That we would not receive clones with such excitement as a child of a couple who conceived naturally. If natural reproduction were to occur, genetic variation would occur. They say cloning would deprive a person of uniqueness. They argue that identical tw ins are not unique from each other, but that they are new in genetic variation and unique. People also wonder what mental and emotional problems would result if a clone were to find out that he or she was cloned. A major problem with the use of cloning on a large is scale is the decline in genetic diversity, and decline in gene pool. Think about it, if everyone has the same genetic material, what happens if we lose the ability to clone. We would have to resort to natural reproduction, causing us to inbreed, which will cause many problems. Also, if a population of organisms has the same genetic information, then the disease would wipe out the entire population. Helping endangered species by cloning will not help the problem. Currently, zoologists and environmentalists trying to save endangered species are not so much having trouble keeping population numbers up, but not having any animals to breed that are not cousins. The technique of cloning is also early in its developmental stages. Thus, errors are occurring when scientists carry out the procedure. For instance, it took 277 tries to produce Dolly, and Roslin scientists produced many lambs with abnormalities. If we tried to clone endangered species we could possibly kill the last females integral to the survival of a species. This may be the main reason science is holding out on cloning humans. Besides the pitfalls of cloning some people fail to recognize many of cloning's benefits. Scientists ponder the idea of cloning endangered species to increase their population. The possibilities are endless. However, we are actually doing much of this research for the improvement of life for humans. Some of the ways that people could be helped are: create enriched dairy products. For example, cloning provides scientists a method to engineer cows to produce certain medicines or enzymes in there milk. Cure life threatening diseases and repair cosmetic defects. Produce new, fresh tissue for burn victims, or new nerve tissue for burns or back injuries Produce new heart cells for people with bad hearts. Totally reduce organ donor lists. Scientists foresee the cloning of monkeys that will produce organs that will not be rejected by humans. Also, as mentioned earlier, livestock can produce biological proteins helping people who have diseases including diabetes, Parkinson's, and Cystic Fibro sis. Cloning also provides better research capabilities for finding cures to many diseases. There are also possibilities that nuclear transfer could provide benefits to those who would like children. For instance, couples who are infertile, or have genetic disorders, could use cloning to

The Giver Essay Research Paper It is free essay sample

The Giver Essay, Research Paper It is the hereafter. There is no war, no hungriness, and no hurting. No 1 in The Community wants for anything. Everyone is provided for. Each Family Unit is entitled to one female and male kid. Each member of The Community has their profession carefully chosen for them by the Committee of Elders, and they neer make a error. In today? s universe, one of the most cherished resources is household and a place. In Jonas? s universe, a household is all ways the same. There is one ma, one pa, one male kid, and one male sister. All the places are the same. The furniture was practical, hardy, and the map was clearly defined. There was a bed for sleeping, a tabular array for feeding, and a desk for analyzing. In the desk there were merely three books: a lexicon, the community volume, and the Book of Rules. We will write a custom essay sample on The Giver Essay Research Paper It is or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In our universe, life can take you anyplace. Either you can be rich or be a rotter on the streets. In the book, your life was decided for you by the Committee of Elders. If you failed your occupation, you were released. For most occupations, one time you have the occupation, you have it for life. The lone exclusion is for the birthmothers. Once they have had three kids, they become portion of the Clean-Up Crew. In our lif vitamin E, we enjoy the universe to its fullest extent. In the Giver, there is no colour. Everything is black and white. Some people wear? t even acquire to bask life. Babies that are to light or unhealthy are released. Aged people are released when they have no usage to the community. Peoples who fail with their occupation are released. In our twenty-four hours of life, the lone manner you would be put to decease is if you committed a offense like killing. In their universe, people are put to decease, or what they like to name release, for simple grounds. Such would be: Babies that are to light or unhealthy are released. Aged people are released when they have no usage to the community. Peoples who fail with their occupation are released. Everything is the same in the community except for one topographic point. That topographic point would be in the Giver? s populating one-fourth and in the Giver? s universe. His legal residence has epicurean furniture and shelves of books all around his room. The biggest difference is that he can see colour. Though there may look to be legion differences, there are some similarities in these two universes. Both universes have autos. In both universes people like to sit at that place motorcycles. Childs still have to travel to school. Parents and teens have to work. The Book # 8220 ; The Giver # 8221 ;

How to Save PHP Files in Mac TextEdit

How to Save PHP Files in Mac TextEdit TextEdit is a simple text editor that comes standard on every Apple Macintosh computer. By following a few simple steps, you can use the TextEdit program to create and save PHP files. PHP is a server-side programming language that is used in conjunction with HTML to enhance the features of a website. Open TextEdit ​If the icon for TextEdit is  located on the dock, as it is when the computer ships, just click the icon to launch TextEdit. Otherwise, Open a Finder window by clicking on the Finder icon in the dock.Choose Applications from the menu on the left.In the list of applications on the right side of the screen, find and double-click TextEdit. Change the TextEdit Preferences From the Format menu at the top of the screen, choose Make Plain Text. If you dont see this option, but see Make Rich Text, the document is already set for plain text.Select Preferences from the TextEdit menu at the top of the screen.Click the New Document tab and confirm the radio button next to Plain text is selected.Click the Open and Save tab and confirm the box next to Display HTML files as HTML code instead of formatted text is checked. Enter the Code Type the  PHP code into TextEdit. Save theFile Choose Save  from the File menu.Enter your_file_name.php into the Save As field, being sure to include the .php extension.Click the Save button. If a pop-up  asks you if you want to use .txt or .php as the file extension. Click the Use .php button. Testing You cannot test your PHP code in TextEdit. You can test it in PHP if you have it on your Mac, or you can download an emulator app from the Mac App Store- PHP Code Tester, PHP Runner and qPHP can all be used to test the accuracy of your code. Just copy it from the TextEdit File and paste it into the application screen.

Different Approaches to developing strategy Essay

Different Approaches to developing strategy - Essay Example It can also give a message to employees, project the image before customers, bring intention for future etc. i.e. what should the business to do?. Objectives: Objectives are firm achievable goals / targets of the business in terms of results like growth in earnings, increase in production etc. in medium and long terms. They are measurable and can be monitored and corrected for their progress. Values / Situation Analysis: It is desirable that a strategic developer should take stock of the present status of the business both in terms of its weaknesses and strengths and devise a strategic plan to achieve the objectives already set forth. Weakness of the business could be in any area like management, finance, markets / sales, operations, offerings etc. Strength or success area of the business can include sound financing / cash flow, average or good profitability in terms of capital investment, scope for enhancing targets & market share, brand awareness development, provision to invest in R&D or any other innovation, good customer care, facing strong competition without increase in prices etc. Both external and internal environments should be considered to devise a strategic plan. These environments can be assessed through analysis of ‘SWOT’ elements. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities , and Threats. Strategic Development: The strategic development differs for different businesses and specific business alternatives can be applied that can serve its best interests. Different types of business development strategies include: Implementation: Strategic planning implementations access to make changes in the organization. A well drawn plan for clear objectives, activities, targets, budget, responsibilities, timings including deadlines etc. would provide a blue print for the organization to combat the implementation plan challenges. However some unexpected or unforeseen circumstances both external and internal can always

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Personal statement - Essay Example I posses the ability to work well in both independent and team work environments. My work at Travelex has enabled me gain the confidence to deal with people face to face, working with team and managing workloads, this among others are the qualities that will enable me succeed in establishing a PGCE teachers training course in the UK. I am a very social person and enjoy interacting with people and especially students and children. I am an excellent team leader, and always try to lead my team diligently. I find it fulfilling and rewarding working with children and being able to guide them in their growing. I know that the primary teacher teaches across the curriculum and it necessary to be proficient in all areas. I believe that it is not only knowing the subject that is important as a teacher, but also knowing a child’s other needs individually. I have learnt that a teachers approach to a class can have great effects on the ability of the students to learn effectively. I intend on changing the way i teach often in order to maintain interest and focus in the students. Encouraging and praising students who are performing poorly is one of my strategies, this will in turn encourage them and eventually they will be able to achieve their desired goals. I intend on encouraging the use of verbal skills. This is very important for both children and adults and helps in clearer understanding and interpretation of information. I will also concentrate on visiting other schools in order to interact with other teachers. This will help me get more exposure, which will increase my knowledge an d enable me teach new things to my students. My exposure has enabled me acquire good ICT skills, this will enable handle any technical work that would arise in the institution. My outspoken grammar and ability to read well and write in English will help me in my teaching course. English is the major learning language in the UK thus this is an

Why a Firms Market Value Differs From Its Book Value Essay

Why a Firms Market Value Differs From Its Book Value - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the role of book values of companies is losing its importance as it tends to be usually lower than market value. The approach taken for accounting is past-oriented from the market value which denotes mostly the companies earnings and hence the difference. This occurs because for evaluation of the real value of a company it takes into consideration its earnings measured in money as well as other intangible and tangible assets etc., also unlike the market valuation. There are many evaluation methods followed and the most relevant of them are the evaluation based on the Economic Value Added (EVA) which is Net Operating Profit Minus Adjusted Taxes reduced by (Invested Capital*Cost of Capital). This method takes into account the opportunity costs of capital. EVA too suffers from the drawbacks as from accounting. Another theory, Shareholder value theory suggests that through the interests of the stakeholders, the shareholder value can be reaped. This is for ensu ring return satisfaction to all the interested parties in the long run. The stakeholder theory aims at a collective interest of all stakeholders or sees the realization of their goals as the ultimate objective. Double value creation system is also followed where a company increases its customer value through its operations as well as creates its shareholder value through the sale of its product. Thus, it could be noted that the company value could be increased only if both the shareholders and stakeholders interest are considered simultaneously while doing the performance evaluation. This results in the distortions or disparity between the MVE and the CSE (market value and book value) and the conditions for this are (i) Economic rents (unbiased accounting) (ii) Accounting distortions (Perfectly competitive equilibrium) Thus, the information bearing upon the performance evaluation of a company helps in explaining the reason for the difference between the market value and the book val ue. Ideally, it could be inferred that the most important things to be considered in value creation processes are: 1) The Performance evaluation should be able to provide information for proper decision-making and ensure feedback. 2) The kind and nature of the information collected and the source from which the information is collected for valuations are therefore significant. The source, its nature, the methods used for valuation, the coherency, the adaptability with the strategic objectives etc serve as crucial indicators.

Independent Cafe Leadership Strategies

Independent Cafe Leadership Strategies Coffee express started as a very small cafe; shop with only 6 tables however in the past 4 years it has made a huge progress. Coffee express started on the 1st of February 2013. It is located at Sylvia Park, Mount Wellington, and Auckland. We started with only 4staffs. Our main focus on was takeaway coffees and fresh and toasted sandwiches only. Our signature sandwiches such as classic clubhouse sandwich, choice of fish, chicken, vegetarian, grilled chicken sandwich, and grilled fish fillet sandwich.Our authentic sandwiches became very popular and famous among the kiwis. Its freshness and crunchiness were enjoyed by all. Due to our sandwichs, customers started to spend more on coffees. From takeaway coffees, it soon started with have it in coffees. Coffee express became more hectic and demanding and was a challenge to keep up with only 6tables in the shop. After a year of huge progress, I decided to invest in the shop, extending the whole area and adding 10 tables which meant more st aff as well. The whole expansion became a huge challenge for me. For the new success we considered ourselves a learning business that is growing which responds to changing customers, employees, and system. New rules, procedures, mission, and vision statement of the cafe was initiated. As a sole trader it is totally my duty and responsibility to run my own coffee express. These duties involve acting as an owner, stock controller, floor manager, and food service manager as well. Maintaining and controlling a constructive work environment by planning, direct, coordinate and check all accounts of the cafà ©. The vision statement   of the cafe; is to spread the spirit of rock n roll by creating genuine experiences and delivering kiss ass service that rock your world. The value statement of the cafà © is to commit on ensuring a long term success by ensuring a family fun and nurturing work environment.   Moreover, in order for my team to understand visions and values, they need to have a genuine interest in serving customers. For them to have these certain interest they must acquire hospitality qualification and trade. For a long term success of the cafà ©, my team must obtain that authentic rock and roll experience that customers would be attracted to come back f or. Furthermore, I know that my team have understood the visions and value for the cafe; because I have now managed to expand the entire cafà © to 10 serving tables now.   The success of the cafà © speaks for itself and i am assured that the authentic genuine are given to customers as they come again for the same vibe. The cafà © is generally a busy place from morning till lunch time. As a sole trader 2 behavioral expectation observed were autocratic and laissez fair. When coffee express was setup I opted on practicing autocratic leadership which had worked out quite well enough for me in the past 4years of my business. Having to hold the ultimate power as the owner and taking no account for others opinion has molded me and my business thriving. Being able to have individual control over all decisions has helped me achieve all my goals and objectives in these years. My own ideas and judgments have been accepted by my followers and have resulted in a huge success. My goal was always to expand my business and through autocratic leadership I have managed to accomplish it. For example, when it came to making of sandwiches or coffee, first in first out strategy was imposed and was being followed by my staff. I.e. whoever orders and pays first shall be served first. All customers were given equal priority. For the existing accomplishments, this strategy seemed glowing. Customer satisfaction developed and clients expectation boomed. Having to perform so many responsibilities, I happened to acquire laissez fair qualities as well. Usually I delegate my responsibilities to staff. I.e. asking them for their corporation in getting work finished or sometimes even to update register files and all. It was not possible to do all work by myself with such a hectic environment. For example, at the end of each month I used to assign two staff for stock take. They would count and record the stocks available in the shop and report back to me. I would then record i t in a computer data system and order stocks that are needed as soon as possible. Without my two staff I would not have been able to complete this task. As a leader being able to show laissez fair qualities makes a team stronger and brings in unity. Moving on, as a sole trader it is totally my duty and responsibility to run my own coffee express. These duties involve acting as an owner, stock controller, floor manager, and food service manager as well. Maintaining and controlling a constructive work environment by planning, direct, coordinate and check all accounts of the cafe. Influencing and keeping staff motivated at all times when it comes to interacting customers. At the cafà © we always try our best to meet the customer expectation and ensure that we commit on ensuring a long term success. This can only be achieved when we put our customers first regardless of whatever issues that need attention. I look after customer complaints or dissatisfaction if there are any. I always explain and apologize to my customers. On behalf of my staffs if they have made a mistake or even when I know that customers are wrong at times but we dont argue with them. At the back of my mind I know that my customers are always right. To amend this feedbacks are always taken from them to improve in our service and also we also give few items

Pitbulls Essay -- essays research papers

Picture this for a second. You come home both mentally and physically exhausted after a strenuous day at school. All you want to do is watch TV and relax with your best friend. As you begin up the concrete cracked driveway, these thoughts linger in your mind. You push the key into the door handle but you notice something is wrong. There is no barking, no tail wagging, no sign of your best friend at the gate. All that is left is a notice on the front door explaining that your dog has been destroyed by the RSCPA. This is the outcome that many Queenslanders are facing for owning an American Pitbull Terrier. But it is not only APBT owners that are suffering from this ordeal, but owners that have dogs that even slightly resemble the APBT will be destroyed. This will soon become the case in Victoria if no one tries to save the name and true reputation of the APBT. I would appreciate if you forgot all the hysterics the media has put forward over time on this breed and listen to how it is not his fault if he escapes, is tort to attack or is put into the ring to fight to the death. The APBT does not deserve this reputation, this reputation has evolved from mans misdemeanors. Renewed calls for the eradication of the APBT were prompted by yet another seemingly endless dog attack. Yet when the public learn that these attacks are easily preventable and in almost every case, it is the owner’s irresponsible ownership which allows the gate open for these attacks to occur? The vicious kil...

Creative Writing Essay

He didn’t look anything like I’d expected. That was when I realised something was wrong. Bad thoughts were rushing through my head at a million miles an hour. I could hear and see nothing for miles except for his dark outline. Confusion and worry was all I could think and I could feel myself shaking. The footsteps were getting louder so I slowly backed away, trying not to make it obvious. Why had I agreed to this, it had been spur of the moment when I’d been upset over that stupid boy from math class. I should have known better than to be so stupid. Then he realised what was happening ‘Sweetie it’s fine. Don’t move I’ll look after you.’ his voice was deep but somehow reassuring. For a second it calmed me down. He sounded so nice, had I jumped to conclusions? Maybe he was just worried about the age gap. I started to walk towards him and he got a beer out of his bag. ‘Have some of this darling.’ He offered it to me but that was one thing I knew to reject. I wasn’t going to be even stupider and drink alcohol in this situation. He turned towards the car and signaled for me to follow. Slowly I trailed behind with my feet scuffling along the floor as I considered my options. I was scared but I didn’t want to believe he would be horrible after how well we had got on before we had met. So I followed him along the path towards what I supposed was his car at the end of the street. I felt in my pocket, my phone was there safely, it would all be fine. I can look after myself I remember thinking. If only I had known. When I reached the car we both got in, with not a word uttered from either of us. He started the car and I plucked up the courage to ask where we were going. ‘Wouldn’t you like to know’ he laughed. He revved the car and off we went through the streets. My heart started to beat faster and faster, it was out of control. I started to shake. My conscience kicked in. Stop Amber, Take control. ‘Please I don’t think this is a good idea, I want to go home’ I stuttered quietly. He laughed in my face. ‘Please, Please.’ I shouted louder but he wasn’t listening. We carried on driving. I noticed where we were driving to; it was towards the abandoned warehouse on the edge of town. I was angry with myself especially for agreeing to meet in the middle of no where, that should have been the first sign of something not being right. Who would have wanted to meet there unless they weren’t who they said they were. What shall I do? How do I get out of here? So many thoughts were swirling round my head. Then the car stopped. He started to get closer, his hand was moving down my thigh and his face was getting closer and closer to mine. I tried to move away but I could feel his warm breath on my face. He had his hand clenched tightly onto my arm so I couldn’t move. I kicked and he grabbed me even harder. I could feel his sweaty hand moving up my skirt and under my tights. I couldn’t talk, I was frozen with fear. Then I don’t know what came over me but suddenly I wasn’t scared anymore. I spat as hard as I could in his face. His shock made him pull back, this was my chance to get out. I hit him as hard as my arms would let me, moved back and then kicked him in the face. I saw his hand move towards the lock button on the car. As quick as I could I pushed the door open and fell to the street floor. Grabbing my bag I got up and ran as fast as my legs could go. I could hear shouting and screaming from behind but I daren’t look back. He was running after me, I could hear his feet pounding against the street floor. I felt a hand grab my shoulder and push me against the floor. ‘I think she’s waking up’ I heard people whispering around me. Slowly I opened my eyes and above me I could see what seemed to be a doctor and a man dressed in a suit. ‘Amber, are you okay? Do you remember what happened the other day?’ The other day? Last thing I remember was lying on the street floor looking into those dark brown eyes. Then I looked to the side and I could faintly make out the body of a man asleep on a bed next to me. As they saw me look over they started to draw the curtain around him but not before I saw them. Handcuffs locking him to the bed. It was him.

Energize Your Career with Purposeful Writing Projects

Energize Your Career with Purposeful Writing Projects Several years ago, I found my enjoyment of writing for magazines fading. At that time, most of my writing revolved around my previous career as a small animal veterinarian, but writing about animal health issues lost my interest. So, I invented a writing project, but not just any project. One of my favorite vet-related assignments had been to interview Bill Irwin and his dog, Orient. Irwin was the first blind man to walk the entire Appalachian Trail, and Orient led the way. I loved working on the piece and craved similar articles that might give me a greater sense of purpose. So, I created Project Purpose: To write and publish articles about people and institutions whose lives and missions are dedicated to a bold and inspired purpose or vision.   I focused my efforts on assignments that might fit Project Purpose I thoroughly enjoyed the assignment, from the research to writing the piece. I even enjoyed the revision process, because I worked on something close to my heart. When the check arrived, I knew I had hit upon something really important. As Greg Braendel of Career Dreams, Inc., another of my Project Purpose profile subjects says, Passion always sells; obsession never does. Create Your Own Revitalizing Project The energizing power of this project reconnected me to a sense of purpose. Ask yourself: What stirs your passion? Take the question seriously. Many people have lost touch with their passion, the inner spark that ignites them to inspired action. The following exercise will help you down this path. Find a quiet place where you wont be disturbed as you go through this five-minute exercise. Identify the Passion Let’s say investigators (think IRS) are on the way to your home with a mission to take away everything youre passionate about. Your only hope is to write down those things in life that are really important to you. If its not written down, the investigators will take it away, never to be in your world again. Be as precise as possible. For instance, if relationships are important to you, write down which relationships are important. If you love animals, which ones do you love the most and why? Describe specific details of your passion. What do you want left in your world after the investigators leave? Take five minutes to record this information in your notebook, then set the list aside for a day or two. When you return, analyze the list and keep in mind the various markets that might be interested in those subjects. Boil your mission down to a simple statement and include it in future queries. Heres an example: This article is part of a long-term writing project - Project Purpose: to write and publish articles about people whose lives are dedicated to a bold and inspiring purpose or vision. This project eventually led me to co-found Life On Purpose Institute after writing about dozens of purposeful people (samples at lifeonpurpose.com/projectpurpose ). I found that including a clear statement like this helped me stay focused on the type of writing I most enjoyed. It also added credibility to queries as my list of Project Purpose articles increased. Over the years, I profiled several dozen people like John Robbins, author of Diet for a New Planet in Reclaiming Your Health which appeared in Yoga Journal. One of my favorite interviews that appeared in The Sun was with Daniel Quinn, shortly after he won the $500,000 Turner Tomorrow Award for Ishmael. Just be forewarned. Its impossible to predict where a purposeful, passion-filled writing project might lead you, but I can promise that you wont be disappointed

Free Essays on Wuthering Heights

Weather And Setting In Wuthering Heights Throughout the novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte effectively utilizes weather and setting as methods of conveying insight to the reader of the personal feeling of the characters. While staying at Thrushcross Grange, Mr. Lockwood made a visit to meet Mr. Heathcliff for a second time, and the horrible snow storm that he encounters is the first piece of evidence that he should have perceived about Heathcliff's personality. The setting of the moors is one that makes them a very special place for Catherine and Heathcliff, and they are thus very symbolic of their friendship and spirits. The weather and setting are very effective tools used throughout the novel, for when the weather becomes nice it is not only symbolic of the changing times, and the changing people, but also a new beginning. During his stay at Thrushcross Grange Mr. Lockwood made the perilous journey to Wuthering Heights only a few times. On his second visit, the snow began to drive thickly(7) during his walk, and this horrible weather should have been foreshadowing to Lockwood about Heathcliff's, and the other member's of the household's true personalities. Upon arriving he was forced to bang continually upon the door before someone would take the care to let him in out of the cold. The dinner that Lockwood was permitted to have with the 'family' was anything but hospitable. Lockwood was treated not unlike an ignorant and unworthy guest, and hence the visit was in no way enjoyable for him. When he wanted to leave the Wuthering Heights, Lockwood finds the weather too intolerable for him to even consider venturing out on his own, and upon being attacked by one of the dogs, he was pulled into the kitchen(15) and allowed, however bitterly, to stay the night at Wuthering Heights. Once his walk home commenced the following day, Lockwood found himself being escorted by Heathcliff himself. The path that is used as a means o... Free Essays on Wuthering Heights Free Essays on Wuthering Heights A Romance or not†¦that is the question? â€Å"Wuthering Heights† is a Victorian novel regarding the lives of the Earnshaws and Lintons. Through three generations, they all experience wave after wave of tragedy all originating with Heathcliff’s overwhelming desire for revenge against the Lintons. This hatred is brought on by the treatment Heathcliff receives from the Lintons as well as Edgar Linton’s marriage to Catherine, Heathcliff’s soul mate. Though it is said to believe that this novel is a tragedy, I believe that it is indeed a great romance. People spend much of their lives searching for true love. When true love is found, people will do everything possible to hold on to and cherish it for eternity. It is said that true love, which is filled with intense everlasting emotions, can only be found once in a lifetime. In the Classic Novel â€Å"Wuthering Heights† by Emily Bronte, the characters Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw display a classic example of this powerful emotion. â€Å"Wuthering Heights† examines a passionate and overwhelming love between its central characters, Cathy and Heathcliff. Their love is profound and filled with passion unlike any other. Its intensity builds from their childhood until the untimely death of Catherine. The extent of this love is exemplified during Heathcliff and Catherine’s interactions with each other, during Catherine’s statements to Nelly, and during Catherine’s death where Heathcliff and Catherine embrace for the last time. When Catherine and Heat hcliff were young, they would â€Å"run away to the moors in the morning and remain there all day†(44). They spent a lot of time together playing like children. It is in this time that they create their everlasting bond. Catherine and Heathcliff spend almost every waking hour together and inevitably fall in love. No words could possibly express the great passion they share; yet it becomes obvious in their â€Å"interactions together†. At ... Free Essays on Wuthering Heights Weather And Setting In Wuthering Heights Throughout the novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte effectively utilizes weather and setting as methods of conveying insight to the reader of the personal feeling of the characters. While staying at Thrushcross Grange, Mr. Lockwood made a visit to meet Mr. Heathcliff for a second time, and the horrible snow storm that he encounters is the first piece of evidence that he should have perceived about Heathcliff's personality. The setting of the moors is one that makes them a very special place for Catherine and Heathcliff, and they are thus very symbolic of their friendship and spirits. The weather and setting are very effective tools used throughout the novel, for when the weather becomes nice it is not only symbolic of the changing times, and the changing people, but also a new beginning. During his stay at Thrushcross Grange Mr. Lockwood made the perilous journey to Wuthering Heights only a few times. On his second visit, the snow began to drive thickly(7) during his walk, and this horrible weather should have been foreshadowing to Lockwood about Heathcliff's, and the other member's of the household's true personalities. Upon arriving he was forced to bang continually upon the door before someone would take the care to let him in out of the cold. The dinner that Lockwood was permitted to have with the 'family' was anything but hospitable. Lockwood was treated not unlike an ignorant and unworthy guest, and hence the visit was in no way enjoyable for him. When he wanted to leave the Wuthering Heights, Lockwood finds the weather too intolerable for him to even consider venturing out on his own, and upon being attacked by one of the dogs, he was pulled into the kitchen(15) and allowed, however bitterly, to stay the night at Wuthering Heights. Once his walk home commenced the following day, Lockwood found himself being escorted by Heathcliff himself. The path that is used as a means o... Free Essays on Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights is one of the most popular novels in English Literature. Emily Bronte’s unique picturesque style creates the images in this novel to be vivid and very powerful. These vivid images help illustrate and make each character easier to comprehend. One of main themes of Wuthering Heights is revenge, which is portrayed through the life of Heathcliff, who was brought to Wuthering Heights as a mere child by Mr. Earnshaw. Emily Bronte develops the theme of revenge through Heathcliff as a child who was abused, as an adult who became abusive, and how this affected him before his death. While Heathcliff grew up at Wuthering Heights, he endured severe abuse from his master’s son, Hindley, who was jealous because his father favored Heathcliff over him. Hindley’s abusive treatment continued even after the death of Mr. Earnshaw. Heathcliff believed it was worth all the pain just to see the face of Catherine, Hindley’s sister, whom he had started to fall in love with. However, Catherine deceives him and marries Edgar Linton, leaving Heathcliff devastated. Heathcliff vows that he will seek revenge against the Linton’s, and Earnshaw’s for all the pain they had caused him. As Heathcliff motions to put his plan of revenge into action, he becomes a very brutal and hardhearted demon. In order to act on his plan of revenge, he marries Isabella, who is the lone sister of Edgar Linton. He maliciously abuses Hareton, Hindley’s son, the very same way he was abused as a child. In fact, all of Heathcliff’s actions revolve around the single idea of revenge; and his utmost goal was to take everything Edgar Linton and Hindley Earnshaw have and to make their lives as miserable as possible. He even took advantage of the drunken Hindley by winning Wuthering Heights in a gambling bet. However, Heathcliff in the end couldn’t execute his plan of revenge completely on Hareton and Cathy, for they reminded him of Catherine and hi... Free Essays on Wuthering Heights Brilliance In The Stroke Of A Pen Someone once said, â€Å"No great scoundrel is ever uninteresting.† That someone was probably very famous in their own right but as with all famous or even merely memorable quips, no one seems to remember who spoke, only what was spoken. And, as with all memorable quips, this one is applicable to a great many things in life and imagination. However, this simple phrase is applicable to nothing if not the character of Heathcliff of the novel Wuthering Heights. Admittedly, the human race is forever focused on the characters who intentionally disturb and harm other and create damaging situations to their own avail. Despite, or maybe purely to spite, popular morals, the characters who display an utter disregard for the natural structure of human existence are usually the ones deemed iconic and the most thoroughly scrutinized. As is the case with Emily Bronte’s Heathcliff. Now, if only Bronte’s characters and their motivations were so simple. No, Bronte had to paint brilliance with the stroke of a pen, she had to funnel hate, love, rage, jealousy, passion, and the deepest complexities of human emotion through the tip of her quill. She had to possess the keen artistry to make her readers question every thought, action, and motive behind the embodiment of complexity that is Heathcliff. Is it the simple and superficial division of Heathcliff and his love, Catherine’s social class that motivates Heathcliff to seek revenge? Or does the foundation of that rage burrow much deeper than the shallow, superficial surface into the sagacious privacy of the human experience? Or is Heathcliff simply a character lost and meandering through the puddles of human experience, hazy with opaque morals and mistaken ideals? What is it that truly motivates Heathcliff and his quest for vengeance? Some believe Heathcliff to be inhuman, described by some to be sadistic and demonic. Granted, Heathcliff’s revenge... Free Essays on Wuthering Heights The Essence of Equality at the Moors Although Heathcliff and Catherine’s endless yearning for each other reached further than the dark and gloomy pits of death itself, the fulfillment of love and happiness was only reached within the few moments of reality spent at their rocky castle in the moors. Wuthering Heights was the estate that belonged to Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw along with their two children Hindley and Catherine, and the dappled and sullen waif given the name Heathcliff. From the beginning of the novel the house alone gives off clues of evil being present, not that the house was haunted by demons and spirits, just the sense of revenge, cruelty, and hatred among its inhabitants. The weather was always extremely harsh consisting of bone-chilling snowstorms and pungent downpours. Over Wuthering Heights hovers â€Å"a horror of great darkness;† where during these outraged storms the air seemed to at times breathe lightening (Chelsea 4184). â€Å"Wuthering† helped depict the brutality of the climate in Yorkshire, England, with its atmospheric tumult. Wuthering Heights was a hell to all who resided there, especially to Heathcliff during his time there because it seemed as though he could never escape the deep sorrows and revengeful spirit that this new life brought upon him. It was always clear that for him Wuthering Heights would never become a comforting haven as he dreamed it would (Maskill 1665-66). Through Catherine Earnshaw’s eyes ,as a child, Wuthering Heights was simply her home where she was once so wonderfully fresh and so fearfully natural (Chelsea 4179). Her and Hindley faught and played together like normal brother and sister until Heathcliff was brought home by their father one afternoon. As she grew older and her love for Heathcliff matured, Wuthering Heights became more of a burden and a place to escape than a place of refuge. The neighboring estate known as Thrushcross Grange is the... Free Essays on Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights is set in the mid 18th century against a background of wealth and social position. This essay summarises the role of main characters in the story. It also discusses Bronte’s use of imagery and opposites in relation to both setting and characters to create a rich and vividly descriptive story for the reader. Two principal complex characters form the basis of the story line. Catherine Earnshaw lives in Wuthering Heights. Her background is one of wealth and privilege. As a child Catherine was mischievous as described by the servant Nelly Dean â€Å"mischievous and wayward. In her childhood her behaviour was not typical of the normal expectations of a ‘lady’ of that social position. She had a tendency to do the opposite of what she should – playing on the moors instead of reading. A wilful girl who loved freedom and the ability to express herself. During this period in her childhood and particularly after the death of her father Catherine’s personality develops to the point where she is considered unruly. This culminates into her and Heathcliff, - with whom she has become close during her childhood - trespassing onto the grounds of Thrushcross Grange - the home of the Lintons who, having known Catherine, mistake her for a thief and are appalled at what she has become. â€Å"Why Cathy, you are quite a beauty† This observation from her brother Hindley demonstrates the change in catherine on her return to Wuthering Heights after the Lintons have looked after her. Bronte is careful to demonstrate that her personality remains unchanged even though her appearance and behaviour appear outwardly different. This change - and the pressure on Catherine to conform leads her to marrying Edgar Linton. Its apparent that she has nothing in common with him and marries him is for the better social position and money it will give her. This is a contradiction over her true personality reflected in the arguments throughout the ...

Last Judgement by Michelangelo- Issues around the artwork that make it Research Paper

Last Judgement by Michelangelo- Issues around the artwork that make it controversial and interesting - Research Paper Example The painting is clearly inspired by the bible with Jesus Christ being the central figure of the painting and the rest art form revolving around him (Andrew, 2008). The painting was a centre figure in a controversy which in turn enriched the history attached with this fresco. Controversy Great controversy has revolved around â€Å"the last judgment† since the day it was conceived to the present era which has increased the value of the art, which can be dubbed as a controversial depiction of saints, religious figures and the religion itself. Who knew, Michelangelo had a sense of humor not many could comprehend. This art piece was threatened by many critics who bared the flag of the Catholic Reformation and those who understood art to its very core. Michelangelo; due to this masterpiece, was blamed for bringing nudity and religion together which was a breach of decorum in the artistic world, especially those related directly or indirectly to the Vatican. The â€Å"Council of Tre nt† issued notices blaming Michelangelo for public nudity and disgrace to sacred figures; especially in such sacred place and that this art form should be destroyed or hidden. The pope’s Master of ceremonies, Biagio da Cesena termed it as a piece that should be depicted in taverns and public bathrooms, such was the criticism found in the ranks of the Vatican. Michelangelo painted â€Å"Cesena† as a nude figure depicting his illogical thoughts by donkey ears and a snake wrapped nude body as revenge. Although, Cesena lodged his reservations with the pope, the pope insisted in upholding the art as his authority did not lead into the after-life (Domenichi, 1556). As the â€Å"Council of Trent† had passed its judgment and recommendations regarding the objectionable points in the â€Å"the last judgment†, it was ordered to cover any nudity or profanity in the painting. This order was executed after the death of Michelangelo in 1564. Some art critics accus e of Michelangelo depicting himself as St. Bartholomew, over the row with the authorities on receiving the permission to paint the chapel’s wall after a huge gap in its designing, almost 20 years. His open questions to the theory of life and life-after-death did not please the close knit Vatican fraternity, calling for his head for such an artistic depiction (John, 1994). Restoration The most interesting fact about the artwork is the detail of work that has been done on it, after the demise of Michelangelo. Acting on the recommendations of the â€Å"Council of Trent†, the genitals depicted in the painting were covered by fig leafs. During the 14 years, in between 1980 and 1194, major restoration was carried out under the supervision of Frabrizio Mancinelli. Many facts that were unknown for centuries were discovered after the restoration. The most dominant discovery was of the female that is depicted to be condemned to hell. For many decades it was imagined to be a male figure, which changed after the removal of the fig-leaf showing clearly that it was a female figure (Hurst et all, 1994). The painting is also known to be the first depiction of Christ as the centre of the universe like the sun is for the planets. Not only the technical details of the masterpiece has attracted people towards it but also the controversial history surrounding the shift in cosmology that Michelangelo depic

Hydraulic fracturing in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hydraulic fracturing in the USA - Essay Example Fracking open up fractures in the rocks allowing oil and gas to flow. Drilling alone cannot be used to extract trapped shale gas in thin layers between the rocks. Therefore, gas and oil producers in the United States have deployed hydraulic fracturing to facilitate the mining into large shale natural gas and oil deposits. The use of the hydraulic fracturing to extract natural gas and oil has ensured a long-term energy security outlook in the United States. This is due to the ability to exploit the shale. In this regard, the crude oil reserves have been bolstered by 11% and led to 47% surge in gas reserves across the United States. Fracking has reduced dependence on foreign energy sources, and as results the cost of energy has reduced helping to revive the economy. Therefore, there is a direct reduction of importation of natural gas. With hydraulic fracturing, there has been an expansion in the employment sector especially in the United States. The industry engaging on natural gas and oil production has employed more than 1.2 million people in the United States. Extracting underground minerals using hydraulic fracturing has some negative effect on water. The mining process requires millions of gallons of water. Therefore, water gets trucked around the shale and directed into the well; thus there is a diversion of water from other uses by the neighboring communities (Schultz, 2012). Moreover, some hazardous chemicals mixed with water may find the way into the fresh water aquifers especially if there exist poorly constructed wells. This endangers the health of organisms using such water. Hydraulic fracturing process together with the injection of wastewater into deep wells practice, cause minor earthquakes to shale exploitation areas. The survey of geologists of the United States has revealed that some tremors from hydraulic

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example In fact seasonal interruption are routine and regular and even after such interruptions business continue in normal course and thus entities pursuing seasonal business may be called going concern despite periodic seasonal interruption In this write up the issues relating auditors’ responsibility to assess the substantial doubt arising out of normal auditing procedures is considered in order to produce independent and effective reporting to the stakeholders. The assumption under the concept of going concern is continuity in normal course and such â€Å"continuity of entity operations is usually assumed in financial accounting in the absence to contrary† (Michael J Ramos, page 285)ii Auditors assess the going concern concept whenever substantial doubt is created while following regular and normal audit procedures.†If there are no doubt neither directors nor auditor need refer specifically to going concern in the financial statements or audit report. However, the Combines Code states that directors should report that the business is a going concern with supporting assumptions and qualifications as necessary. â€Å"(Lain Gray and Stuart Manson, page 674)iii Going concern concept assumes an atmosphere of normalcy. Under the going concern concept â€Å"the enterprise will continue in operational existence for a foreseeable future.† (Nexia International, page 137)ivWhenever auditors have substantial doubts about the going concern concept it underlies that financial statements have not been prepared under normal circumstances. This is because â€Å"the going concern concept is unlikely to be compatible with the intention or necessity to enter into a scheme of rearrangement with the company’s creditors, or make an application for an administrative order, or place the company in administrative receivership or liquidation.†(Saleem Sheikh and William Rees, page 349)v In other words results or status shown by

Analysis of Ethical Dilemma Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Ethical Dilemma Essay Natural calamities are unpredictable phenomena’s where the damage may be countless and immeasurable examples of natural calamities are earthquakes, floods and famine. In situations like this relief operations are challenging even though many organizations and nations extend their resources to overcome the disaster. We often face issues and concerns in a massive disaster which may lead to ethical-dilemma and criticism. When we analyze disaster situation ethical concerns arises. Here I would like to present the ethical dilemma involved in the rescue operations in Haiti disaster and analysis of the issues. Event and ethical implications One of the biggest and most recent disaster world encountered is the Haiti disaster in January, 12, 2010. It was a massive earthquake with 7.0 magnitudes, wiped out thousands of lives and affected millions of people (Haiti earthquake, 2010). The earthquake ploughed the main city Port-au-prince just into rubbles. Many people were trapped in the collapsed buildings. Many important buildings were damaged including parliament, schools, hospitals and main jail (Haiti earthquake, 2010). It resulted in lack of food, water, shelter and medical services. Many wounded were waiting for immediate medical help and many died without prompt treatment. In natural disasters people from all over the world offer humanitarian aid in the form of donations, medical care team services, food and other necessary supplies. The U.S Government and many other nations extended their hands for rescue operations. The Israel Government sent a military task force consisting of 230 people within 48 hours (NEJM, 2010). Their ultimate goal was to provide lifesaving treatments to the injured to the level it was possible. Other troops and volunteer workers on the scene also tried their best to deliver the best possible care to the causalities. Ethical concerns and ethical dilemma The troop’s mission was to provide help to as many people as possible. But the limited resources fell far short than the demands. This put the medical team in various ethical issues. Haiti is one of the poorest countries of the world with minimal facilities. The disaster left millions of people homeless and in urgent medical needs. The Israeli Field Hospital extended their hospital capacity to 72 from 60 and added one more operating room to accommodate increased causalities (NEJM, 2010). In a normal triage system we are setting priorities among patients depending on their clinical conditions and assuming that we will be able to provide care to all. In Haiti disaster it was impossible for them to provide care to all who needed. Here the health care workers as well as the victims faced ethical dilemma. The medical team was forced to recognize the fact that the clients who need most urgent care may consume the majority of their resources. So they had to set up priorities according to the resources available, the severity of the problem and can they be saved. Another ethical dilemma the medical team had to encounter was those come with severe injuries needed prolong rehabilitation and that may run out all of their supplies. So they planned to accommodate patients who can be stabilized in 24 hours.† The practical implication of this prioritization resulted in people those who have small chance to survive were not likely to be treated in the ICU† (NEJM, 2010). In addition to that discharging the patients were also challenging since no homes left and children without parents, there was no place for them to go. Personal ethical values and position using ethical principles In a massive disaster plan in an ethical aspect I believe the theory of Act- utilitarianism works best to that situation. Act-utilitarianism states, the actions people choose will produce over all good in any given circumstances. This theory also allows different actions in certain circumstances. Their decision on triaging the patients based on the resources and the possible outcome of the intervention in a humanitarian aspect. The ethical principles of beneficence and justice applied in this scenario. According to the principle of beneficence the health care workers were trying their best to provide care to as many as people possible. The ethical principle of distributive justice emphasis on fair and equitable distribution of goods and services (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2008), but in certain situations it is impossible for all people to have everything that they might need. In such cases they can formulate and enforce policies for fair and equitable distribution of the available resources. Possible alternatives for resolving the problem I.Ask for more medical supplies from organizations like, World Health Organization, Red Cross et. II.Make arrangements to send patients who need more complex care to the nearest available medical centers or hospitals. III.Call for more volunteers to help there by reducing the cost and request for funds from charitable organizations. IV.Since geographically U. S. is the closest country, request for airlifting the patient to the nearby states hospitals for advanced care. V.Even though insurance can be a hindrance to accept the patients, U. S. Government can offer tax exemptions and grants for the accepting hospitals. VI.Airlift the patients to the accepting countries for advanced care. Examine and categorize the alternatives When we categorize the alternatives from 1-6, the first five options are possible alternatives. The 6th option can be possible, but it will be more expensive, time consuming and unsafe for unstable patients. Since many organizations started their rescue operations, if the military task force can receive more supplies, they will be able to continue with their life saving measures. Possible consequences for the acceptable alternatives When other hospitals can accommodate more patients, it may reduce the burden on a single group. Since they already have disaster plan set up, more supplies from other organizations will help them to continue their task without time delay. With tax exemption and grants, more hospitals may take initiative to involve in the health care delivery and if the patient can be airlifted on time many lives can be saved. Prioritize acceptable alternatives I.Provision of more supplies to the functioning units. II.Make arrangements to transfer patients with complex issues to the nearest hospitals. III.Call for more volunteers for additional help IV.Airlift patients to the nearby countries at the earliest possible V.Request for more funds, grants, donations from the federal governments and common wealth countries. Plan of actions The plan of care is to provide care to as many people as possible with added resources. Transferring of patients to the nearest available hospital for complex care and management. Through financial aid rebuild the health care infrastructure to provide continued care to the Haiti people. Evaluation Natural disasters are unpredictable and every effort needs to be taken to overcome such situation through voluntary support. In this situation the ethics committee from a group of physician had to prioritize the cases according to the availability of resources and the chances of survival. In a humanitarian aspect it is necessary to provide fair and equitable distribution of health care as much as possible for a healthy recovery. We often see the best of humanity in moments of extreme calamity. In every disaster situations people who directly involved often faces some sort of ethical issues and dilemma. The best possible way to overcome such situations through mutual effort, ethical decision making and appropriate action plans. Fair and equitable distribution of health care is the best approach to every mankind.

A Woman Indefinitely Plagued: The Truth Behind The Yellow Wallpaper

A Woman Indefinitely Plagued: The Truth Behind The Yellow Wallpaper In The Yellow Wallpaper, a young woman and her husband rent out a country house so the woman can get over her â€Å"temporary nervous depression.† She ends up staying in a large upstairs room, once used as a â€Å"playroom and gymnasium, [†¦] for the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls.† A â€Å"smoldering unclean yellow† wallpaper, â€Å"strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight,† lines the walls, and â€Å"the pattern lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes [that] stare at you upside down.† The husband, a doctor, uses S. Weir Michell's â€Å"rest cure† to treat her of her sickness, and he directs her to live isolated in this strange room. The nameless woman tells the reader through diary entries that she feels a connection to the yellow wallpaper and fancies that an imprisoned woman shakes the pattern. The narrator’s insanity is finally apparent when she writes, â€Å"The re are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. I wonder if they all come out of that wall-paper as I did?† When the story first came out in 1892, the critics saw The Yellow Wallpaper as a description of female insanity instead of a story that reveals society’s values. A Boston physician wrote in The Transcript after reading the story that â€Å"such a story ought not to be written [. . .] it was enough to drive anyone mad to read it,† stating that any woman who would go against the grain of society might as well claim insanity. In the time period in which Gilman lived, â€Å"the ideal woman was not only assigned a social role that locked her into her home, but she was also expected to like it, to be cheerful and gay, smiling and good humored.† By expressing her need for independence, Gilman set herself apart from society. Through her creation of The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote a personal testament of the emotional and psychological anguish of rejection from society as a free-thinking woman in the late nineteenth century. The life of Gilman revolved around troubled and loveless relationships that sparked the gothic tale of her descent into madness. Relating to Gilman’s situation and appreciating The Yellow Wallpaper for how it exemplifies the women’s lives of her time proves difficult today. Before the reform of women’s rights, society summed the roles of the woman in a sim... ...ions far surpassed her time. The honesty of emotion in The Yellow Wallpaper sends a chill through any backbone, whether literal or metaphorical, and reveals how a simple testament can create a revolution of any type. From: . See 1. See 1. Lawell, Jeannine. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper: The Rest Cure as a Catalyst to Insanity.† From . See 1. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"Why I Wrote 'The Yellow Wallpaper'?† The Forerunner. To Herland and Beyond: The Life and Work of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. New York: Penguin, 1990. Lane, Ann J. â€Å"The Fictional World of Charlotte Perkins Gilman.† The Charlotte Perkins Gilman Reader. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980. â€Å"The Cult of True Womanhood.† Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe. Microsoft Inc, 2004. â€Å"Charlotte Perkins Gilman.† Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe. Microsoft Inc, 2004. See 7. See 7. Ceplair, Larry. â€Å"The Early Years.† Charlotte Perkins Gilman: A Non-fiction Reader. New York: Columbia, 1991. â€Å"Depression (Psychology).† Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe. Microsoft Inc, 2004. â€Å"Hysteria (Study and Treatment).† Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe. Microsoft Inc, 2004. See 13. See 7. See 7. See 7. See 7. See 7. See 6. See 6. See 6. See 8.

Interpersonal Communication Skills Essay

Emotion: The word emotion includes a wide range of observable behaviors, expressed feelings, and changes in the body state. Emotions are feelings. Emotional communication, then, refers to the act of communicating your feelings. This is also known as â€Å"emotional intelligence† or â€Å"social intelligence.† There are six principles of emotion and emotional messages. 1. Emotions may be primary or blended: A primary emotion is a basic emotion. These would be the eight basic emotions: joy, acceptance, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger and anticipation. Emotions that are close to each other on this wheel are also to close to each other in meanings. In this model there are also blends. These blended are the combinations of primary emotions. They are noted at the outside the wheel. For example, according to this model, love is a blend of joy and acceptance, whereas remorse is a blend of disgust and sadness. 2. Emotions are influenced by body, mind, and culture: Emotions involve at least three parts: bodily reactions, mental evaluation and interpretations and cultural rules and beliefs. Bodily reactions to emotions are pretty obvious and include things like blushing when you’re embarrassed, nervous habits, or sweaty palms. The mental and cognitive part of emotion experiences involves the evaluation and interpretations you make on the basis of what you experiences. For example, you may feel angry if someone is rude or insensitive to you on purpose. Culture also dictates how we should express and interpret our emotions as well. For example, Chinese students show respect by being quiet and passive. Asking questions would imply that the teacher was not clear on the lecture. 3. Emotions may be adaptive and maladaptive: Emotions are often adaptive that is, they can help you adjust  appropriately to situation. For example, if you’re worried you won’t do well in something, you’ll work harder to prepare for that situation. Emotions may be maladaptive and may get in the way of your accomplishing your goals. For example, if you are so anxious about a situation that you don’t prepare for it. In other ways emotions can create problems is in a tendency that some theorists have cleverly called catastrophizing â€Å"taking a problem even a minor one and make it in to a catastrophe. 4. Emotions are communicated verbally and nonverbally: According to DeVito (2009), â€Å"Theorists do not agree over whether you can choose the emotions you feel. Some argue that you can; others argue that you cannot. You are, however, in control of the ways in which you express your emotions†. In some instances you determine whether you want to express your emotions in full, but with other times you censor your emotions. 5. Emotional expression is governed by display rules: We’ve talked about display rules before, but to refresh your mind it is what is and is not appropriate to do. The differences we see are in the emotional expression. Men and women also have gender display rules for what is and isn’t appropriate to express within his or her culture. For example, it’s appropriate in our culture for women to divulge a lot of their emotions and feelings; however, it is not seen in the same light when men divulge all of their emotions to other men. 6. Emotions are contagious: Emotions can be contagious. If you think of a time where one person starts laughing, and then the people around start laughing, you can see this theory working. Emotional contagion is defined as emotions passing from one person to another. Another form of emotional contagion deals with persuasions utilizing emotional appeals.

Global Warming And Its Many Ramifications Essay

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) supports all ordinances involving environmental protection and the abatement of natural resources degradation. These laws aim to restrict people from abusing the environment and destroying the natural habitats of numerous species. The CATO Institute in Washington believes that the government is not doing enough in terms of environmental protection. The institute emphasizes that government intervention needs to exert more effort in pursuing environmental preservation. The government is essential in pursuing this goal since this endeavor requires a huge amount of monetary and human resources and may not be achieved by a small number of people only (439-440). With the population continually increasing, natural resources are quickly dwindling, and with the loss of natural habitat, the flora and fauna also perish. Currently, the government pursues strategies that aim to protect the plants and animals affected by heightened human development. Better laws and ordinances need to be passed for the government to effectively preserve the ecosystem. If not, the world risks the possibility of humans satisfying only their own needs and satisfaction, without thinking of the long-term effects of development (U. S. EPA) Crucial Environmental Issues The emergence of numerous environmental issues, including the extinction of several plants and animals as well as changes in weather patterns, caused the government to implement restrictions on the activities of man affecting the environment. However, despite the efforts on the part of the government, environmental problems still occur. According to the U. S. EPA, fragmented tactics are not expected to be effective in protecting the environment as only the obvious problems are being undertaken, while the complex and less obvious environmental issues still remain. The U. S. EPA believes that it is important for the government to change the fundamentals of environmental policies. More restrictions need to be incorporated whenever development is envisioned. This is because with the current rate of development, plants and animals are in danger of not continuing to live in their natural habitats. Population explosion depletes the natural resources, which include plants and animals, which humans consume for their survival. In addition, human settlements also destroy the natural habitats of numerous species. Howard M. Singletary, Director of Plant Industry of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, believes that biological diversity is essential in environmental protection (Evaluate the Social). Conserving biological diversity involves the protection of the entire ecosystem. Humans may see themselves as important or more important than the plants and animals that get destroyed as a result of increased population, but it should be noted that the environmental issues that man is facing at the present time are due to the absence of preventive planning. The short-term economic and monetary gains have frequently been treated as more important than the ecosystem. Yet, the destruction of plants and animals as well as their habitat contribute much in global warming and extreme weather situations. (Evaluate the Social). Humanity needs to see the impact of overdevelopment. People also need to realize that they need to invest and sacrifice certain conveniences and luxuries in order to achieve long-term environmental goals. The scientific community and several advocacy groups are supporting government efforts to preserve the environment. The global movement is for the greater good and is based on the fact the earth and everything in it is not owned by a single individual, group or corporation. The scale of the human economy is now such that the wilderness areas that sustain much of the world’s remaining biological diversity are shrinking fast. The rates of wildlife habitat takeover and of species extinctions are the fastest they have ever been in recorded history, and they are accelerating. Tropical forests, the world’s richest species habitats, have already been 55 percent destroyed, and the current rate exceeds 168,000 square kilometers per year. (Evaluate the Social). Stabilizing populations Stabilizing population is more important in industrial countries than in developing countries, since the former overconsume and hence overpollute and are thereby responsible for the greatest increase in the impact of human activities on the already overtaxed environment. The richest 20 percent of the world consume over 70 percent of the world’s commercial energy. Thirteen countries have already reached a fertility rate required in order to achieve zero population growth, so it is not utopian to expect others to follow. The population growth-rate of developing countries of course must also be reduced dramatically. Their population is now 77 percent of the world’s total, and they are responsible for 90 percent of the world’s annual population growth. (Evaluate the Social). The poor must be helped and will justifiably demand to reach at least minimally acceptable living standards by obtaining access to the remaining natural resource base. When industrial nations switch from input growth to qualitative development, more resources and environmental functions will be available for the poor in the South. Scientists observe that as the planet warms up, a great deal of ice and snow near the poles will probably start to melt. That will expose dark tundra and dark seas. That will warm things up – like painting a white roof black. The darker the terrain gets, the warmer those parts of the world will get. More snow will melt there, making the terrain even hotter. All these explanations fill more than thirty pages of rather small print in the Philosophical Magazines, and every one of the calculations had to be solved by hand. To make a greenhouse forecast, experts now build what amounts to a working scales model of the Earth inside a supercomputer. They start with a blank globe, divided into a grid like the grid of latitude and longitude. Typically each box in the grid covers several hundred miles on a side. These boxes are stacked from the surface of the planet high into the atmosphere – a dozen layers of giant boxes of air. Public concern over environmental policy was minimal until the end of the nineteenth century. As the United States expanded westward, the horizon seemed to present an unlimited supply of land, water, mineral deposits and timber. Farming techniques reflected little concern for minimizing soil depletion. Forests were cleared without concern for reforestation or the devastation of soil erosion. Minerals were mined and metals smelted without concern for their effects on fresh-water supplies; when contamination did result, it seemed a minor problem, because alternative sources of water seemed endless. (Royan, 2001). Despite a history of conservation policies, fundamental concerns over environmental protection were still absent from the policy agenda as late as the 1950s. The publication of Silent Spring in 1962 drew attention to the dangers of pesticides such as DDT, in the food chain. The sense of social responsibility that emerged in the 1960s also moved environmental policy from the background to the forefront of the policy agenda. Energy made it to the headlines once again in the year 2000; a shocking power crisis hit the state of California (Royan, 2001). Companies had realized once more that the horrors brought about by serious energy problems over the past three decades had not gone away. The California electricity crisis could potentially fan out towards other states; not only impact would it impact the profitability of a company, but could certainly put many out of business. As the new century fast approaches, the world has slowly realized the synergy between energy conservation and global economic competitiveness. Energy conservation entails the elimination of wastes through the improvement of industrial facilities and processes. Energy conservation also implies environment preservation through pollution prevention, and mitigating the trends toward global warming. Global competitiveness goes hand in hand with energy conservation, and many industrial firms from all over the world have realized that. Worldwide energy consumption in recent years has continued to escalate not only in developed countries but also in developing countries, primarily as a result of rapid industrialization and improvement in the standard of living. In a recent survey conducted by the Association of Energy Engineers, about 22 percent among those surveyed claimed to have reduced accumulated costs by $5 million or more by implementing energy conservation strategies (Cornforth, 1992). The potential for additional savings is still great. Thirty-six percent among those surveyed indicated that further savings that amount to over 10 percent are possible. Thus, investment in protocols that promote energy conservation has proven to be effective in saving costs by reducing waste materials resulting from industrial processes. As the next century approaches, the economic world has gradually come to realize that energy conservation offers the most profitable competitive advantage. Marked improvements in the efficiency of industrial processes or facilities to save fuel consumption reduce wastage. HiTAC has been a significant energy conservation development in recent years, and is now applied to industrial furnaces in many factories worldwide. A positive consequence of saving energy is minimizing greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming. Because of the increased efficiency in combustion using HiTAC, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide-byproducts of incomplete burning, are reduced. Therefore, HiTAC saves on operational costs by making fuel consumption more efficient; and consequently, efficient fuel consumption minimizes waste products, among which are greenhouse gases that trigger global warming. (Hotel & Sarofim, 1967). Major Changes Taking Place in the US Population and Projected Problems Due to the Climate Changes The US is said to have the highest population of the developed nations, and one of the highest population growth rates at one percent, equivalent to 2. 5 million new Americans every year (Haub). Three national population trends that have been identified in a recent US census are changes in geographic distribution, changes in ethnic composition, and the effect of immigration on population (Haub). With regard to the changing geographic distribution of the population, the population is said to be shifting from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West, both because of internal migration and immigration from other countries (Haub). With regard to ethic composition, while ethnic minorities are said to comprise 25 percent of the population currently, that percentage will increase to 50 percent in 50 years, with Asians rising in numbers from 7. 1 to 40 million by 2050, and Hispanics rising in numbers to 90 million in 2050, constituting 22 percent of the population (Haub). Immigration, on the other hand, presently accounts for a third of the population increase yearly, and is expected to be a major contributor to population growth in the future (Haub). It naturally follows that the South and West will have to deal with the attendant problems of the shifting geographic distribution in its favor, while the change in ethnic composition can be predicted to contribute its own set of problems. Problems Causing the Decline in the Quality of Life in Cities, Possible Solutions It is said that more than a billion urban dwellers, out of a total of three billion, are located in slum areas, with half living in Asia (Whelan). This is indicative of the mammoth problems of governments with regard to the provision for food (Sustainable Development Networking Program), opportunities for employment, environmental degradation, sanitation, and general quality of living in cities. Another problem causing the decline in quality of life is said to be urban sprawl, whose effects range from over-congestion to pollution (Goodwin). In the US, the states that are the destination of internal and external migration and immigration in the ongoing shift in geographic distribution of the population that will have to deal with these issues. Proposed solutions include the revision of federal laws to limit immigration, the creation of boundaries that will redirect urban growth to places where urban services can be provided, and tighter control on allowable density and housing (Goodwin). There are many environmentalists like Senator Hillary who had been bold about her support on the Supreme Court’s Global Warming Decision. She states that the scientific consensus is that global warming poses a serious threat to human activities (Statement of Senator Hillary Clinton on the Supreme Court†¦2007, par 1). She challenges President Bush to address this pressing global environmental threat as soon as possible. Issues on the Ozone In the discussions on the ozone hole, it is but apt to provide a brief explanation on what exactly is the ozone and how it is formed. The ozone, according to the Centre for Atmospheric Science, â€Å"forms a layer in the stratosphere, thinnest in the tropics (around the equator) and denser towards the poles†. More specifically, â€Å"[O]zone is a toxic, strong reactive compound consisting of three oxygen atoms† (Francois). As explained by the Centre for Atmospheric Science, the ozone is formed â€Å"when ultraviolet [radiation coming from the sun], strikes the stratosphere, dissociating (or splitting) oxygen molecules to atomic oxygen†¦[that] quickly combines with further oxygen molecules to form ozone† More commonly, the ozone is known as the layer that protects human beings and other living things from the harmful rays of the sun, more specifically, the ultraviolet rays-shielding us from being stricken by skin cancer. This common conception of the ozone layer, which provides a good notion of what ozone is, is just one side of the coin. Scientists refer to this more commonly know ozone as the stratospheric ozone (Centre for Atmospheric Science). On the other side of the coin is the tropospheric or the ground level ozone, which is considered as a major health hazard, is a â€Å"major constituent of photochemical smog† (Centre for Atmospheric Science). It is referred to as a pollutant because of its being lethal if inhaled (Newman). Ozone Facts According to the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), the story of the ozone hole has its roots from the chlorofluorocarbons or CFC’s, â€Å"a family of most commonly used industrial compounds†. CFC’s was invented by Thomas Midgley in 1928 which later on was called as a â€Å"miracle compound† due to its proven useful for man’s convenience (NRDC). Since then, it was effectively â€Å"used in refrigeration systems, air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of some types of packaging† (Francois). However, decades after the â€Å"miracle compound† was invented and used in many industries and households as effective refrigerants, it was found out that it had caused a serious damage to the environment, more particularly to the ozone layer. It took American scientists Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland to prove that the â€Å"miracle compound† turned out to be damaging to the environment as they hypothesized in 1974 that CFC’s â€Å"possibly played an active role in the depletion of the ozone layer† (NRDC). This announcement had sparked heated debates not just among scientists but also among policymakers, environmentalists and industry players on the â€Å"whys and wherefores of ozone depletion† (NRDC). It was explained by Newman that CFC’s became harmful to the ozone because of its chlorine make-up and â€Å"it turn[ed] out that CFC’s are an excellent way of introducing chlorine into the ozone layer†. This happens as the ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun strikes CFC’s that go up into the altitude of the ozone layer, this UV radiation breaks down CFC’s and frees chlorine (Newman). After chlorine has been freed, this â€Å"has the potential to destroy large amount of ozone† (Newman). Francois also provides connection of the thinning of the ozone layer to the introduction of large amount of chlorine in the atmosphere through the use of CFC’s. The Centre for Atmospheric Science stated that â€Å"Evidence that human activities affect the ozone layer has been building up over the last 20 years, ever since scientists first suggested that the release of CFC’s into the atmosphere could reduce the amount of ozone over our heads†. But prior to the hole being discovered, the negative effects of the CFC’s were never taken seriously by the majority of the people as they were not convinced on the connection between CFC’s and the depletion of the ozone layer (NRDC). In 1985, a major discovery had brought great alarm to the whole world as it was discovered by Joseph Farman and his colleagues that there was a hole in the ozone layer (Newman [b]). In fact, the severity of the discovered ozone depletion made the English scientist in the Halley Bay station in Antarctica, who discovered the hole, to think that the equipment he used to measure the extent of the hole was broken (NRDC). He sent the equipment back to England to have the equipment repaired but when he tried to measure the depletion again, his initial finding that the ozone layer had been depleted was confirmed (Francois). Another theoretical attempt, which later on was proven to be correct, was the â€Å"recipe of the ozone loss† as summarized by the Centre for Atmospheric Science as follows: †¢ â€Å"The polar winter leads to the formation of the polar vortex which isolates the air within it. †¢ â€Å"Cold temperatures form inside the vortex; cold enough for the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). As the vortex air is isolated, the cold temperatures and the PSCs persist. †¢ â€Å"Once the PSCs form, heterogeneous reactions take place and convert the inactive chlorine and bromine reservoirs to more active forms of chlorine and bromine. †¢ â€Å"No ozone loss occurs until sunlight returns to the air inside the polar vortex and allows the production of active chlorine and initiates the catalytic ozone destruction cycles. Ozone loss is rapid. The ozone hole currently covers a geographic region a little bigger than Antarctica and extends nearly 10km in altitude in the lower stratosphere. â€Å" Basically, the preceding enumeration of the â€Å"recipe of the ozone loss† is similar to the Heterogeneous Chemistry Theory that proposed chemical reactions occurring within the ozone layer. This also explains why the hole is over Antarctica and not over the other continents. The atmospheric conditions prevailing in Antarctica, which is its having ultra cold temperature, suits the chemical reactions that take place resulting to ozone depletion. Consequences of Depleted Ozone The most common knowledge as to the adverse effects of the depletion of the ozone layer is that it increases the penetration of the ultraviolet radiation resulting to more skin cancer. As Francois puts it, â€Å"[W]hen this protective layer is reduced, it has dramatic consequences on life† such as slower photosynthesis among plants as increased radiation results to less metabolism; destruction of micro-organisms which play a vital role in the food chain; and, the increase in cases of skin cancer. Basically, the depletion of the ozone layer can result to an enormous change in the ecological balance. It is a universal fact, based on the studies and researches that have been made, that a little tip in the ecological balance could result to a mammoth change in our environment that could adversely affect the way people live. The slight increase in temperature can cause destructive floods to countries surrounded by oceans. In the case of the increase in the ozone hole, it can results to unfavorable changes in our environment starting from the destruction of micro-organisms and the instability that it causes to the metabolism of plants responsible to changes in photosynthesis. These changes may not be visible in the present time, which makes many people complacent and insensitive as to their roles in the protection of the ozone layer, but catastrophic results can be felt in the near future.